Banking and Finance

Forced Conversion of Consumer Loans in Croatia – Care About Consumers or Just a New Issue?

In expectation of parliament elections, Croatian financial market and its participants experienced a dynamic end of 2015 with the latest amendments to the Consumer Lending Act and the Credit Institutions Act. The amendments introduced a legal framework for forced conversion of loans denominated in CHF („CHF Loans“) and loans denominated in HRK and indexed to… Read More

Equity Driven Crowdfunding in Lebanon

Crowdfunding, an alternative means of financing for individual projects and companies, has become an increasingly popular concept in recent years. It emerged in response to the financial crisis of 2007–08, but didn’t officially appear in Lebanon until 2013 with the launching of Zoomaal and has grown throughout the surrounding region. Fundamentally, financing through crowdfunding relies… Read More

Project Finance: there’s no such thing as indisputable principles…

Project finance principles “The equity investment is ‘first in, last out’—that is, in principle any losses that the project suffers are borne first by the investors, and lenders begin to suffer only if the equity investment is lost“, Edward Farquharson, How to Engage with the Private Sector in Public-Private Partnerships in Emerging Markets, p. 53.… Read More

Doing Business in New Zealand: Compliance and Regulation

Introduction New Zealand is predominately a dual island state located in the South Pacific. During the 1980s, New Zealand underwent changes within its economic market structure. The result is a deregulated and decentralised economy engaging in international partnerships and most favoured nation agreements. Diminished import controls and subsidies establish New Zealand as a competitive international… Read More

Determinants of Intra-regional Trade Flows: A case of Uganda’s Bilateral Trade with her East African Community State Partners

Introduction Regional trade is important in stimulating economies of regional block countries through free trade agreements.[1] The history of cooperation in East Africa can be traced to 1917 when the British colonies of Kenya and Uganda were first joined into a Customs Union (CU) and later the defunct East African Community (EAC) in 1967 which… Read More

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